Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK) Surgery: Indications, Procedures and Recovery
Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK) is a type of refractive eye surgery designed to correct common vision problems, such as nearsightedness (myopia), farsightedness (hyperopia), and astigmatism. PRK reshapes the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye, using a laser to improve the way light enters the eye and focuses on the retina.
PRK eye surgery aims to reduce or eliminate the need for glasses or contact lenses by reshaping the cornea’s curvature. The procedure improves the eye’s ability to focus light, resulting in clearer vision without the need for corrective lenses.
Types of PRK Surgery
Traditional PRK: The outer layer of the cornea (epithelium) is manually removed.Using a laser, the underlying cornea is reshaped to correct the refractive errors.
TransPRK (Transepithelial PRK): A single-step, no-touch procedure where the laser removes the epithelium and reshapes the cornea. Minimizes manual intervention and enhances precision.
LASEK (Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis): A variation of PRK where the epithelium is loosened with alcohol moved aside and replaced after corneal reshaping. Reduces discomfort and aids in faster recovery.
Epi-LASIK: This procedure separates the epithelium using a unique device rather than alcohol. It combines the benefits of PRK and LASIK with a smoother healing process.
Wavefront-Guided PRK: Uses advanced technology to map and address individual eye imperfections. Provides personalized treatment for sharper and clearer vision.
Indications of PRK Surgery Procedure
PRK surgery is suitable for individuals with
Nearsightedness (myopia)
Farsightedness (hyperopia)
Astigmatism
Individuals seeking to reduce their dependence on glasses or contact lenses.
Purposes of PRK surgery
Vision Correction: To correct refractive errors and improve visual acuity.
Reduced Dependency: To reduce or eliminate the need for glasses or contact lenses.
Improved Quality of Life: To enhance daily functioning and overall quality of life by improving vision.
Who will treat for PRK Surgery Procedure?
Medical Professionals: PRK surgery is performed by:
Ophthalmologists
Refractive surgeons
Preparing for PRK Surgery Procedure
Preparing for PRK surgery involves several steps to ensure a successful procedure and smoother recovery:
Consultation: Consult your ophthalmologist regarding your medical history, medications, and concerns.
Eye Examination: A thorough check is done to assess eye health and confirm your candidacy for PRK.
Medication Review: Inform your physician of all medications that may need to be adjusted.
Eye Health: Ensure your eyes are infection-free and healthy before the procedure.
Contact Lenses: Stop wearing contact lenses as advised for accurate corneal measurements.
Arrangements: Arrange transportation on surgery day due to temporary vision effects.
Consent and Questions: Sign consent forms and clarify doubts with your surgeon.
What Happens During PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy) Surgery?
During a PRK surgery procedure, the following steps generally take place:
Numbing Eye Drops: Numbing drops ensure comfort during the procedure while you remain awake.
Epithelium Removal: The outer corneal layer (epithelium) is gently removed to prepare for laser reshaping.
Corneal Reshaping: A UV laser reshapes the cornea to correct refractive errors, lasting a few seconds to a minute.
Bandage Contact Lens: A protective lens is placed over the eye to aid healing and provide comfort.
Post-Op Care: Detailed care instructions and follow-up appointments are provided for recovery.
Recovery After PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy) Surgery
Recovery after PRK surgery varies based on individual factors and the extent of the procedure. Here’s a general outline of what to expect:
Rest: Rest your eyes on the day of the surgery. Your vision might be blurry, and your eyes might feel irritated.
Medications: Use prescribed eye drops as directed to prevent infection, reduce inflammation, and promote healing.
Bandage Contact Lens: The bandage contact lens will protect the cornea as it heals. The surgeon will remove it after a few days.
Follow-Up Appointments: Attend scheduled follow-up appointments to monitor your healing progress and ensure there are no complications.
Temporary Vision Changes: Vision improvements might take a few days to weeks. Initially, your vision might be blurry or hazy, but it will gradually improve.
Activity Restrictions: Avoid strenuous activities, swimming, and exposing your eyes to dusty or dirty environments during the initial healing phase.
Lifestyle Changes After PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy) Surgery
Eye Care: Follow the post-operative care instructions provided by your ophthalmologist to ensure proper healing and minimize the risk of infection.
Avoid Rubbing: Avoid rubbing or touching your eyes during the healing phase to prevent complications.
Sunglasses: Protect your eyes from bright sunlight or harsh lights by wearing sunglasses when outdoors.
Contact Lenses: If you wore contact lenses before the eye surgery, discuss with your ophthalmologist when you can safely resume wearing them.
Hydration and Nutrition: Stay well-hydrated and maintain a balanced diet to support overall healing and recovery.
Benefits of PRK Surgery
Improved Vision: Corrects refractive errors like nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism, enhancing vision clarity.
No Corneal Flap: Unlike LASIK, PRK avoids creating a corneal flap, reducing the risks of flap-related complications.
Suitable for Thin Corneas: Ideal for patients with thinner corneas who may not qualify for LASIK.
Long-Term Stability: Provides stable vision correction as the procedure reshapes the cornea directly.
Reduced Risk of Dry Eye: Less impact on corneal nerves, potentially lowering the risk of dry eye post-surgery.
Customizable Treatment: Advanced lasers enable precise and personalized corneal reshaping for optimal results.
Safe and Effective: A proven, FDA-approved procedure with high success rates and minimal long-term risks.
Quick Recovery: Most patients experience significant improvement within weeks and complete recovery in a few months.
