Internal Medicine Specialty at ONUS Robotic Hospitals

Internal Medicine is a key medical specialty focused on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of a wide range of diseases in adult patients. At ONUS Robotic Hospitals, our internists are specially trained to handle complex medical problems and provide comprehensive care for adult patients, often serving as their primary care physicians.

What Does an Internal Medicine Specialist Do?

• Prevention & Screening – Focus on early detection and prevention of diseases through routine check-ups, screenings, and vaccinations.
• Diagnosis & Treatment – Specialize in the diagnosis and management of a variety of conditions, from common illnesses to chronic diseases and complex medical cases.
• Chronic Disease Management – Internists are experts in managing long-term conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and autoimmune disorders.
• Collaboration with Specialists – Internists often work closely with specialists in fields like cardiology, endocrinology, nephrology, and more to offer holistic care.

Key Conditions Managed by Internists

• Cardiovascular Diseases – Hypertension, heart disease, and strokes.
• Respiratory Diseases – Asthma, COPD, pneumonia, and lung infections.
• Gastrointestinal Diseases – Acid reflux, IBS, liver disease, and digestive disorders.
• Renal Diseases – Kidney disease, dialysis management, and kidney stones.
• Endocrine Disorders – Diabetes, thyroid disorders, and adrenal diseases.
• Autoimmune Disorders – Rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and multiple sclerosis.
• Infectious Diseases – HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, influenza, and other viral or bacterial infections.

Types of Internal Medicine

Internal Medicine is a diverse field that covers a wide range of medical conditions affecting adults. At ONUS Robotic Hospitals, our internists specialize in various subspecialties to provide comprehensive care for patients, ensuring the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of both acute and chronic diseases.

Subspecialties in Internal Medicine

1. General Internal Medicine
Focus: Comprehensive primary care for adults, managing both acute and chronic conditions.
Treatment Areas: Preventive care, routine screenings, and health assessments for a wide range of conditions, including infections, diabetes, and hypertension.

2. Cardiology
Focus: Diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, and hypertension.
Key Services: ECG, stress testing, cardiac imaging, and management of heart diseases.

3. Endocrinology
Focus: Hormonal and metabolic disorders such as diabetes, thyroid diseases, and osteoporosis.
Key Services: Hormone therapy, diabetes management, and thyroid care.

4. Gastroenterology
Focus: Diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the gastrointestinal system such as IBD, GERD, and liver diseases.
Key Services: Endoscopy, liver function tests, and treatment of digestive system disorders.

5. Hematology & Oncology
Focus: Disorders of the blood such as anemia, clotting disorders, and cancers like leukemia and lymphoma.
Key Services: Blood tests, chemotherapy, and cancer management.

6. Infectious Diseases
Focus: Diagnosis and treatment of infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.
Key Services: Antibiotic therapy, infection control, and immunizations.

7. Nephrology
Focus: Kidney disorders such as chronic kidney disease, kidney stones, and kidney failure.
Key Services: Dialysis management, kidney function tests, and renal disease care.

8. Pulmonology
Focus: Disorders of the respiratory system, including asthma, COPD, lung cancer, and sleep apnea.
Key Services: Pulmonary function testing, bronchoscopy, and respiratory therapies.

9. Rheumatology
Focus: Diagnosis and management of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and vasculitis.
Key Services: Immunotherapy, joint management, and systemic autoimmune treatments.

Parts Treated in Internal Medicine

Cardiovascular System
Conditions: Heart disease, arrhythmias, high blood pressure, and heart failure.
Treatment: Medications, lifestyle management, and cardiac interventions.

Respiratory System
Conditions: Asthma, COPD, lung infections, and pneumonia.
Treatment: Inhalers, oxygen therapy, and pulmonary rehabilitation.

Gastrointestinal System
Conditions: IBD, GERD, liver disease, and pancreatitis.
Treatment: Medications, endoscopic procedures, and dietary management.

Endocrine System
Conditions: Diabetes, thyroid disorders, and adrenal diseases.
Treatment: Hormonal therapy and insulin management.

Renal System
Conditions: Chronic kidney disease, kidney stones, and urinary tract infections.
Treatment: Dialysis and kidney transplant.

Hematologic System
Conditions: Anemia, bleeding disorders, and clotting conditions.
Treatment: Blood transfusions, anticoagulant therapy, and blood disorders management.

Infectious Diseases
Conditions: Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, sepsis, and viral infections.
Treatment: Antibiotics, antivirals, and infection control measures.

Rheumatologic & Autoimmune Diseases
Conditions: Rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and scleroderma.
Treatment: Immunosuppressants and joint management.

Neurological System
Conditions: Stroke, dementia, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy.
Treatment: Neurological assessments, medications, and physical therapy.

Oncology
Conditions: Breast cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, and other malignancies.
Treatment: Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and cancer care.

Internal Medicine vs General Medicine

Internal Medicine:

Focus: Specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of adult diseases, including complex and chronic conditions.
Scope: Long-term care and management of internal organ diseases.
Training: Internists undergo specialized training and often serve as primary care providers.

General Medicine:

Focus: Overall diagnostic and therapeutic care for a variety of health conditions.
Scope: Provides care for acute and chronic conditions across all age groups, including minor surgical procedures.
Training: General practitioners or family doctors receive training in various medical fields

Treatments Available in Internal Medicine at ONUS Robotic Hospitals
Internal medicine encompasses a wide array of treatments depending on the condition being managed. At ONUS Robotic Hospitals, our skilled internists utilize advanced technologies and tailored treatment approaches to provide the best care possible. Below are the most common treatments:

1. Medications

Antibiotics: Used to treat infections caused by bacteria.
Anti-inflammatory Drugs: For conditions like arthritis and autoimmune disorders.
Anticoagulants: Prevent blood clots in patients at risk for deep vein thrombosis or stroke.
Diuretics: Used to reduce fluid buildup in conditions like heart failure.
Statins: To lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease.

2. Lifestyle Changes

Diet Modifications: For managing high cholesterol, diabetes, and high blood pressure.
Exercise Plans: Personalized fitness routines to improve heart health, lung capacity, and weight management.
Smoking Cessation: Counseling and treatment for quitting smoking, which can help with lung disease, heart disease, and stroke prevention.

3. Procedures

Biopsies: Diagnostic procedures to remove a small tissue sample for testing, commonly used to diagnose cancer or other tissue abnormalities.
Surgical Interventions: For certain gastrointestinal, endocrine, or cardiovascular conditions where medical management is not sufficient.

4. Oxygen Therapy

Administered for patients with pulmonary diseases like emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, and severe COPD, to ensure proper oxygen levels in the bloodstream.

5. Anticoagulation Therapy

Prevents the formation of blood clots, especially in patients with deep vein thrombosis, atrial fibrillation, or following surgery.
Medications like warfarin, heparin, and aspirin are commonly used.

6. Immunoglobulin Therapy

Used to boost immune function in individuals with autoimmune diseases, or as treatment for immunodeficiency disorders.
It involves administering immunoglobulins (antibodies) from donated blood.

Diagnostic Tests Conducted in Internal Medicine

Effective diagnosis is key to treating a wide range of conditions in internal medicine. Some of the most common diagnostic tests performed at ONUS Robotic Hospitals include:

1. Blood Tests

Complete Blood Count (CBC): Measures levels of red and white blood cells, platelets, and hemoglobin.
Liver and Kidney Function Tests: Assess how well your liver and kidneys are performing.
Cholesterol & Lipid Profile: For monitoring heart health and cholesterol levels.
Blood Glucose: To check for diabetes or insulin resistance.

2. Imaging Tests

X-rays: Basic imaging to detect lung issues, bone fractures, or cardiac abnormalities.
CT Scan (Computed Tomography): Provides detailed images of organs such as the lungs, liver, and heart.
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Provides high-resolution images to evaluate the brain, spinal cord, or soft tissue.
Ultrasound: Often used for abdominal conditions or monitoring pregnancy.

3. Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Measures the electrical activity of the heart, helping diagnose conditions like arrhythmias, heart attacks, or heart disease.

4. Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)

Used to evaluate the functionality of the lungs, helping diagnose diseases like COPD, asthma, or pulmonary fibrosis.

5. Endoscopy

A minimally invasive procedure used to visualize and diagnose conditions within the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, or urinary system.
Includes gastroscopy, colonoscopy, and bronchoscopy.

6. Biopsy

A procedure in which a small sample of tissue is removed for examination under a microscope to help diagnose conditions like cancer, infections, or inflammatory diseases.

7. Genetic Testing

Used to identify genetic mutations or abnormalities responsible for inherited diseases or predispositions to certain conditions.
Common in oncology, cardiology, and neurology for diagnosing genetic diseases.

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