Phaco surgery, short for phacoemulsification, is a modern surgical technique used to remove a cataract from the eye. Cataracts are clouding of the eye’s natural lens, leading to vision impairment. Phaco cataract surgery employs ultrasound energy to break up the cataract and then remove it through a small incision.
Phacoemulsification aims to restore clear vision by removing the clouded lens and replacing it with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL). This procedure is minimally invasive and allows for a faster recovery compared to traditional cataract surgery methods.
Types of Phaco Surgery
Conventional Phacoemulsification: The most common method is using ultrasound energy to emulsify the cataract. Involves a small corneal incision and the placement of an intraocular lens (IOL).
Micro-Incision Cataract Surgery (MICS): A more advanced technique with smaller incisions (less than 2mm). Reduces recovery time and minimizes surgical risks like astigmatism.
Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery (FLACS): Uses laser technology for precise incisions and cataract fragmentation. Offers enhanced accuracy and better outcomes in complex cases.
Bimanual Phaco Surgery: Uses two separate micro-instruments for better control. Ideal for advanced cases needing higher precision.
Indications of Phaco Surgery Procedure
Indications:
Phaco surgery is indicated for individuals with:
Cataracts causing blurred vision, glare, or reduced visual clarity
Loss of daily functioning due to cataract-related vision impairment
Purpose:
The primary purposes of phaco surgery are:
Cataract Removal: To remove the clouded lens responsible for vision impairment.
Vision Improvement: To restore clear vision and enhance overall visual quality.
Reduced Dependence on Glasses: The choice of an appropriate IOL can reduce the need for glasses or contact lenses after surgery.
Preparation for Phaco Surgery Procedure
Preparing for phaco cataract surgery (Phacoemulsification)involves several steps to ensure a successful procedure and smoother recovery:
Consultation: Schedule a consultation with the ophthalmologist who will perform the surgery. Discuss your medical history, medications, allergies, and any concerns you may have.
Eye Examination: The ophthalmologist will conduct a comprehensive eye examination to assess the cataract’s severity and determine the most suitable IOL for you.
Medication Review: Inform the medical team about any medications you’re taking, especially blood thinners or anticoagulants, as they might need to be adjusted before the surgery.
Fasting: You might be instructed to fast before the surgery to ensure an empty stomach.
Arrangements: Arrange for transportation to and from the clinic or hospital on the day of the surgery, as your vision might be temporarily affected.
Eye Drops: Follow the instructions regarding any prescribed eye drops to prepare the eye for surgery.
Consent: Understand and sign the informed consent form, which outlines the procedure, potential risks, and benefits.
Questions: Prepare any questions you have about the procedure, the choice of IOL, and post-surgery care to discuss with your ophthalmologist.
Procedure of Phaco Surgery
During a phaco surgery procedure, the following steps generally take place:
Preparation: You’ll receive numbing eye drops, and the surgical area will be sterilized for comfort and safety.
Incision: A tiny incision (2-3 mm) is made in the cornea to access the cataract.
Capsulorhexis: The circular opening made in the lens capsule for removal of the cataract.
Phacoemulsification: An ultrasound probe shards the cloudy lens into small pieces, and suctions it away.
IOL Placement: A clear artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is inserted to replace the removed lens.
Closure: The incision seals naturally without stitches.
Recovery: After observation, you’ll be discharged with instructions for care.
Recovery After Phaco Surgery Procedure
Recovery after phaco surgery varies based on individual factors and the extent of the procedure. Here’s a general outline of what to expect:
Observation: You might stay in a recovery area for a short time to ensure there are no immediate complications.
Discharge: Once stable, you’ll be allowed to go home with specific post-operative instructions.
Eye Shield: An eye shield might be provided to protect the operated eye from accidental injury and to prevent rubbing.
Eye Drops: You’ll receive a schedule for prescribed eye drops to prevent infection, reduce inflammation, and promote healing.
Follow-Up: Your ophthalmologist will schedule a follow-up appointment to assess your progress, remove any sutures (if used), and monitor your healing.
Activity Restrictions: You might be advised to avoid activities that could strain or irritate the eye, such as strenuous exercise and swimming.
Lifestyle Changes After Phaco Surgery Procedure
Eye Care: Follow the post-operative care instructions provided by your ophthalmologist to ensure proper healing and minimize the risk of infection.
Avoid Rubbing: Avoid rubbing or putting pressure on the operated eye to prevent complications.
Sunglasses: Protect your eyes from bright sunlight or harsh lights by wearing sunglasses when outdoors.
Avoid Dust and Irritants: Keep the eye clean and avoid exposure to dust, smoke, and other irritants that might cause discomfort.
Medication Adherence: Follow the prescribed medication regimen, especially the use of eye drops, to support healing and prevent complications.
Hydration and Nutrition: Stay well-hydrated and maintain a balanced diet to support overall healing and recovery.
Benefits of Phaco Surgery
Quick Recovery: The small incision size allows faster healing, enabling patients to resume daily activities sooner.
Minimally Invasive: The surgery requires a tiny incision, reducing the chances of infection and lowering tissue damage.
Enhanced Vision: Phaco surgery effectively restores clear vision by replacing the cloudy lens with a high-quality intraocular lens (IOL).
Outpatient Procedure: It is typically performed on an outpatient basis, so no prolonged hospital stay is needed.
Improved Accuracy: Advanced technology enables accurate cataract removal for dietary outcomes.
Reduced Pain and Discomfort: The small incision and advanced techniques result in less postoperative discomfort.
Customizable IOLs: Patients can choose from various IOL options, including monofocal, multifocal, and toric lenses, to address specific vision needs.
Lower Risk of Complications: Modern equipment and expertise minimize the likelihood of complications compared to traditional cataract surgery.
